一、 Kuthekera kwa bolodi yowonetsera ya LED kwawonongeka
Kulephera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa capacitor ndikokwera kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa electrolytic capacitor.Kuwonongeka kwa capacitor kumawonetsedwa ngati: 1. kuchepetsa mphamvu;2. Kutaya mphamvu;3. Kutayikira;4. Dera lalifupi.
二、 Kukana kuwonongeka
Ndi zachilendo kuona ambiri oyamba akukangamira ndi resistors pamene akukonza matabwa ozungulira, mwina kugwetsa kapena soldering.M'malo mwake, ndikukonza zambiri, bola ngati mumvetsetsa zomwe zidawonongeka za resistors, simuyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri.Kukaniza ndi gawo lochulukira kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, koma si gawo lomwe limawononga kwambiri.Kuwonongeka kwa kukana kumakhala kofala kwambiri m'mabwalo otseguka, kuwonjezereka kwa kukana kumakhala kosowa komanso kuchepa kwa kukana kumakhala kosowa.Mitundu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizira zopinga za kaboni filimu, zopinga filimu zachitsulo, zopinga mabala a waya, ndi zopinga za fuse.Titha kuwona kaye ngati pali zizindikiro zowotcha zakuda pa kukana otsika pa bolodi ladera.Kutengera mawonekedwe a mabwalo ambiri otseguka kapena kukana kowonjezereka pamene kukana kwawonongeka, komanso chizolowezi cha kukana kwakukulu kuti chiwonongeke mosavuta, titha kugwiritsa ntchito ma multimeter kuti tiyeze molunjika kukana kwamphamvu pamalekezero onse a kukana kwakukulu pa gulu lozungulira.Ngati mtengo wotsutsa woyezedwa ndi waukulu kuposa mtengo wotsutsa wadzina, Ngati kukana kwawonongeka ndithu (ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuyembekezera mpaka mtengo wotsutsa ukuwonetsa kukhazikika musanayambe kutsimikizira, chifukwa pangakhale njira yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa mofanana ndi capacitor. zigawo mu dera), ngati kuyeza kukana mtengo ndi kochepa kuposa mtengo kukana mwadzina, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa.Mwanjira iyi, wotsutsa aliyense pa bolodi la dera amayezedwa kamodzi, ndipo ngakhale mutapha mwangozi chikwi, simudzaphonya chotsutsa chimodzi.
三, Njira Yowonera Ubwino wa Zida Zopangira Ntchito
Ma amplifiers ali ndi mawonekedwe a "virtual short" ndi "virtual break", omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pakuwunika mabwalo amplifier omwe amagwirira ntchito.Kuti muwonetsetse kugwiritsa ntchito mzere, amplifier yogwira ntchito iyenera kugwira ntchito motsekeka (zolakwika).Ngati palibe mayankho oyipa, amplifier yogwira ntchito pansi pa otseguka-loop amplifier imakhala yofananira.Ngati mukufuna kuweruza khalidwe la chipangizo, choyamba muyenera kusiyanitsa ngati chipangizocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amplifier kapena comparator mu dera.Malinga ndi mfundo ya amplifier pafupifupi lalifupi, ndiko kuti, ngati amplifier ntchito ntchito bwino, voteji pa athandizira chimodzimodzi ndi reverse athandizira materminal ayenera kukhala ofanana, ngakhale pali kusiyana, akadali pa mlingo wa mv. .Zachidziwikire, m'mabwalo ena okwera kwambiri, kukana kwamkati kwa multimeter kumatha kukhudza pang'ono kuyesa voteji, koma nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 0.2V.Ngati pali kusiyana kwa 0.5V kapena kupitilira apo, amplifier mosakayika adzalephera!Ngati chipangizochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofananira, chimaloledwa kukhala ndi ma terminals olowera mosagwirizana ndi njira yosinthira.Ngati voliyumu yomweyi ndi yayikulu kuposa voliyumu yakumbuyo, voteji yotulutsa ili pafupi ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri;Ngati voteji chomwecho
四, Malangizo pakuyesa zida za SMT ndi ma multimeter
Zida zina za SMD ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ma probe wamba a multimeter poyesa ndi kukonza.Choyamba, amatha kuyambitsa mabwalo amfupi, ndipo kachiwiri, ndizovuta kuti matabwa ozungulira omwe amakutidwa ndi kutchinjiriza akumane ndi zitsulo zazitsulo za chigawocho.Nayi njira yosavuta yomwe ingabweretse zovuta zambiri pakuyesa.Tengani singano ziwiri zing'onozing'ono zosokera, (Deep Industrial Control Maintenance Technology Column) ndikuziyika mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi cholembera cha multimeter.Kenaka, tengani waya woonda wamkuwa kuchokera pa chingwe chamitundu yambiri, kumanga cholembera ndi singano yosokera pamodzi ndi waya wabwino wamkuwa, ndikugulitsa mwamphamvu.Mwanjira iyi, poyezera zigawo za SMT ndi cholembera chokhala ndi nsonga yaying'ono ya singano, sipakhalanso chiwopsezo cha mabwalo amfupi, ndipo nsonga ya singano imatha kubowola zokutira zotchingira ndikugunda mwachindunji mbali zazikuluzikulu, ndikuchotsa kufunika kovutitsa kukanda filimuyo.
五、Kusamalira Njira Yakuwonongeka Kwakanthawi kochepa kwa Circuit Board Common Power Supply
Pokonza bolodi loyang'anira dera, ngati pali kagawo kakang'ono kumagetsi wamba, nthawi zambiri ndiye vuto lalikulu, chifukwa zida zambiri zimagawana mphamvu zomwezo, ndipo chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi chapafupi.Ngati palibe zigawo zambiri pa bolodi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "hoe the earth" kumatha kupeza gawo lalifupi.Ngati pali zigawo zambiri, kaya "khasu lapansi" lingathe kulima chikhalidwecho zimadalira mwayi.Nayi njira yovomerezeka yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino.Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mukhoza kupeza kawiri zotsatira ndi theka la khama ndipo nthawi zambiri mumapeza vutolo mwamsanga.Payenera kukhala magetsi okhala ndi magetsi osinthika komanso apano, okhala ndi voteji ya 0-30V ndi 0-3A pano.Magetsi amenewa si okwera mtengo ndipo amawononga pafupifupi 300 yuan.Sinthani voteji yotseguka kuti ikhale mulingo wamagetsi amagetsi a chipangizocho.Choyamba, sinthani zamakono kuti zikhale zochepa.Ikani votejiyi kumalo opangira magetsi ozungulira, monga ma terminals a 5V ndi 0V a chip 74 series.Malinga ndi mlingo wa dera lalifupi, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera panopa.Gwirani chipangizocho ndi dzanja lanu.Chida china chikatentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chigawo chowonongeka.Mutha kuchichotsa kuti muyesedwenso ndikutsimikizira.Kumene, voteji pa ntchito sayenera upambana voteji ntchito chipangizo, ndipo sayenera kusinthidwa, apo ayi izo kuwotcha zipangizo zina zabwino.
六、 Labala laling'ono kuti athetse mavuto akulu
Chiwerengero cha matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mafakitale chikuwonjezeka, ndipo matabwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolowetsa zala zagolide m'mipata.Chifukwa cha kuuma kwa mafakitale, komwe kumakhala fumbi, chinyezi, komanso kuwononga, ndikosavuta kuti matabwa akhale ndi zolakwika zolumikizana.Anzanu ambiri atha kuthetsa vutoli posintha matabwa, koma mtengo wogulira matabwa ndi wokwera kwambiri, makamaka pama board ena obwera kuchokera kunja.Ndipotu, aliyense angagwiritse ntchito chofufutira kuti azipukuta mobwerezabwereza dothi pa chala chagolide kangapo, kuyeretsa, ndikuyesanso makinawo.Mwina vutolo lidzathetsedwa!Njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso yothandiza.
七, Kusanthula kwazovuta zamagetsi ndi nthawi yabwino komanso yoyipa
Pakutheka, zovuta zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yabwino komanso yoyipa zitha kukhala izi:
1. Kusagwirizana koyipa pakati pa bolodi ndi kagawo, kulephera kulumikiza chingwe chathyoledwa mkati, kusalumikizana bwino pakati pa pulagi yamawaya ndi ma terminal, ndi kusokeretsa kolakwika kwa zigawo zonse za gululi;
2. Kwa mabwalo a digito, zosokoneza zimachitika pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zinazake chifukwa cha kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro.Ndizotheka kuti kusokoneza kwakukulu kwakhudzadi dongosolo lolamulira ndikupangitsa kuti lipangitse zolakwika, ndipo palinso kusintha kwa magawo agawo lililonse kapena magawo onse ogwirira ntchito a bolodi ladera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu pakuthana ndi kusokoneza ndikupangitsa zovuta;
3. Kusasunthika kosasunthika kwazitsulo kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zosungirako, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa electrolytic capacitor yoyamba kumakhala kosauka, kutsatiridwa ndi ma capacitor ena, triodes, diode, ICs, resistors, etc;
4. Pali chinyezi, kusonkhanitsa fumbi, ndi zina zotero pa bolodi la dera.Chinyezi ndi fumbi zidzayendetsa magetsi ndi mphamvu yotsutsa, ndipo mtengo wotsutsa udzasintha pakukula kwa kutentha.Mtengo wotsutsa uwu uli ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zigawo zina.Ngati zotsatirazi ndi zamphamvu, magawo ozungulira adzasinthidwa, kuchititsa zolakwika;
5. Mapulogalamu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kuziganizira.Magawo ambiri ozungulira amasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu, ndipo malire a magawo ena amakhala otsika kwambiri, omwe ali mkati mwazofunikira.Mayendedwe a makinawo akakumana ndi chifukwa choti pulogalamuyo idziwe cholakwika, alarm imawonekera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2023
